Light-emitting diodes are elements for light signalization in electronics. They are manufactured in different shapes, colors and sizes. For their low price, low power consumption and simple use, they have almost completely pushed aside other light sources, bulbs at first place. They perform similar to common diodes with the difference that they emit light when current flows through them.
It is important to limit their current, otherwise they will be permanently destroyed. For this reason, a conductor must be connected in parallel to an LED. In order to determine value of this conductor, it is necessary to know diode’s voltage drop in forward direction, which depends on what material a diode is made from and what colour it is. Typical values of the most frequently used diodes are shown in table below. As seen, there are three main types of LEDs. Standard ones get ful brightness at current of 20mA. Low Current diodes get ful brightness at ten times lower current while Super Bright diodes produce more intensive light than Standard ones.
COLOR | TYPE | TYPICAL CURRENT ID (MA) | MAXIMAL CURRENT IF (MA) | VOLTAGE DROP UD (V) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Infrared | - | 30 | 50 | 1.4 |
Red | Standard | 20 | 30 | 1.7 |
Red | Super Bright | 20 | 30 | 1.85 |
Red | Low Current | 2 | 30 | 1.7 |
Orange | - | 10 | 30 | 2.0 |
Green | Low Current | 2 | 20 | 2.1 |
Yellow | - | 20 | 30 | 2.1 |
Blue | - | 20 | 30 | 4.5 |
White | - | 25 | 35 | 4.4 |
Since the 8051 microcontroller can provide only low output current and since its pins are configured as outputs when voltage provided on them is 0V, direct connecting to LEDs is performed as shown in figure on the right (Low current LED, cathode is connected to the output pin).
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